Atomic structure and periodic properties, stoichiometry, properties of gases, thermochemistry, chemical bond types, intermolecular forces, liquids and solids, chemical kinetics and introduction to organic chemistry and biochemistry. Corequisites: CH 117
General Chemistry Laboratory I (0-3-1)
(Lecture-Lab-Study Hours)
Laboratory work to accompany CH 115: experiments of atomic spectra, stoichiometric analysis, qualitative analysis, and organic and inorganic syntheses, and kinetics. Close
Laboratory work to accompany CH 115: experiments of atomic spectra, stoichiometric analysis, qualitative analysis, and organic and inorganic syntheses, and kinetics. Corequisites: CH 115,
General Chemistry I (3-0-6)
(Lecture-Lab-Study Hours)
Atomic structure and periodic properties, stoichiometry, properties of gases, thermochemistry, chemical bond types, intermolecular forces, liquids and solids, chemical kinetics and introduction to organic chemistry and biochemistry. Close
An introduction to differential and integral calculus for functions of one variable. The differential calculus includes limits, continuity, the definition of the derivative, rules for differentiation, and applications to curve sketching, optimization, and elementary initial value problems. The integral calculus includes the definition of the definite integral, the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, techniques for finding antiderivatives, and applications of the definite integral. Transcendental and inverse functions are included throughout.
This is the first half of a one-credit, two-semester course that consists of a set of engineering experiences such as lectures, small group sessions, on-line modules and visits. Students are required to complete a specified number of experiences each semester and are given credit at the end of the second half of the course which is E102. The goal is to introduce students to the engineering profession, engineering disciplines, college success strategies, Stevens research and other engaging activities and to Technogenesis. Course is pass/fail.
This course introduces students to the process of design and seeks to engage their enthusiasm for engineering from the very beginning of the program. The engineering method is used in the design and manufacture of a product. Product dissection is exploited to evaluate how others have solved design problems. Development is started of competencies in professional practice topics, primarily: effective group participation, project management, cost estimation, communication skills and ethics. Engineering Design I is linked to and taught concurrently with the Engineering Graphics course. Engineering graphics are used in the design projects and the theme of "fit to form" is developed. Corequisites: E 115,
Introduction to Programming (1-2-3)
(Lecture-Lab-Study Hours)
An introduction to the use of an advanced programming language for use in engineering applications, using C++ as the basic programming language and Microsoft Visual C++ as the program development environment. Topics covered include basic syntax (data types and structures, input/output instructions, arithmetic instructions, loop constructs, functions, subroutines, etc.) needed to solve basic engineering problems as well as an introduction to advanced topics (use of files, principles of objects and classes, libraries, etc.). Algorithmic thinking for development of computational programs and control programs from mathematical and other representations of the problems will be developed. Basic concepts of computer architectures impacting the understanding of a high-level programming language will be covered. Basic concepts of a microcontroller architecture impacting the use of a high-level programming language for development of microcontroller software will be covered, drawing specifically on the microcontroller used in E121 (Engineering Design I). Close
Engineering graphics: principles of orthographic and auxiliary projections, pictorial presentation of engineering designs, dimensioning and tolerance, sectional and detail views, assembly drawings. Descriptive geometry. Engineering figures and graphs. Solid modeling introduction to computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) using numerically-controlled (NC) machines. Close
Engineering graphics: principles of orthographic and auxiliary projections, pictorial presentation of engineering designs, dimensioning and tolerance, sectional and detail views, assembly drawings. Descriptive geometry. Engineering figures and graphs. Solid modeling introduction to computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) using numerically-controlled (NC) machines.
An introduction to the use of an advanced programming language for use in engineering applications, using C++ as the basic programming language and Microsoft Visual C++ as the program development environment. Topics covered include basic syntax (data types and structures, input/output instructions, arithmetic instructions, loop constructs, functions, subroutines, etc.) needed to solve basic engineering problems as well as an introduction to advanced topics (use of files, principles of objects and classes, libraries, etc.). Algorithmic thinking for development of computational programs and control programs from mathematical and other representations of the problems will be developed. Basic concepts of computer architectures impacting the understanding of a high-level programming language will be covered. Basic concepts of a microcontroller architecture impacting the use of a high-level programming language for development of microcontroller software will be covered, drawing specifically on the microcontroller used in E121 (Engineering Design I).
This course empowers students with the written and oral communications skills essential for both university-level academic discourse as well as success outside Stevens in the professional world. Tailored to the Stevens student, styles of writing and communications include technical writing, business proposals and reports, scientific reports, expository writing, promotional documents and advertising, PowerPoint presentations, and team presentations. The course covers the strategies for formulating effective arguments and conveying them to a wider audience. Special attention is given to the skills necessary for professional document structure, successful presentation techniques and grammatical/style considerations.
This course introduces students to all the humanistic disciplines offered by the College of Arts and Letters: history, literature, philosophy, the social sciences, art, and music. By studying seminal works and engaging in discussions and debates regarding the themes and ideas presented in them, students learn how to examine evidence in formulating ideas, how to subject opinions, both their own, as well those of others, to rational evaluation, and in the end, how to appreciate and respect a wide diversity of opinions and points of view. Close
This is a two-semester course that consists of a set of engineering experiences such as lectures, small group sessions, on-line modules and visits. Students are required to complete a specified number of experiences each semester and are given credit at the end of the semester. The goal is to introduce students to the engineering profession, engineering disciplines, college success strategies, Stevens research and other engaging activities and to Technogenesis.
Continues from MA 115 with improper integrals, infinite series, Taylor series, and Taylor polynomials. Vectors operations in 3-space, mathematical descriptions of lines and planes, and single-variable calculus for parametric curves. Introduction to calculus for functions of two or more variables including graphical representations, partial derivatives, the gradient vector, directional derivatives, applications to optimization, and double integrals in rectangular and polar coordinates.
An introduction to differential and integral calculus for functions of one variable. The differential calculus includes limits, continuity, the definition of the derivative, rules for differentiation, and applications to curve sketching, optimization, and elementary initial value problems. The integral calculus includes the definition of the definite integral, the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, techniques for finding antiderivatives, and applications of the definite integral. Transcendental and inverse functions are included throughout. Close
An introduction to differential and integral calculus for functions of one variable. The differential calculus includes limits, continuity, the definition of the derivative, rules for differentiation, and applications to curve sketching, optimization, and elementary initial value problems. The integral calculus includes the definition of the definite integral, the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, techniques for finding antiderivatives, and applications of the definite integral. Transcendental and inverse functions are included throughout. Close
Vectors, kinetics, Newton’s laws, dynamics or particles, work and energy, friction, conserverative forces, linear momentum, center-of-mass and relative motion, collisions, angular momentum, static equilibrium, rigid body rotation, Newton’s law of gravity, simple harmonic motion, wave motion and sound. Corequisites: MA 115
Calculus I (4-0-8)
(Lecture-Lab-Study Hours)
An introduction to differential and integral calculus for functions of one variable. The differential calculus includes limits, continuity, the definition of the derivative, rules for differentiation, and applications to curve sketching, optimization, and elementary initial value problems. The integral calculus includes the definition of the definite integral, the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, techniques for finding antiderivatives, and applications of the definite integral. Transcendental and inverse functions are included throughout. Close
This course will continue the freshman year experience in design. The design projects will be linked to the Mechanics of Solids course (integrated Statics and Strength of Materials) taught concurrently. The engineering method introduced in Engineering Design I will be reinforced. Further introduction of professional practice topics will be linked to their application and testing in case studies and project work. Basic concepts of design for environment and aesthetics will be introduced.
This course introduces students to the process of design and seeks to engage their enthusiasm for engineering from the very beginning of the program. The engineering method is used in the design and manufacture of a product. Product dissection is exploited to evaluate how others have solved design problems. Development is started of competencies in professional practice topics, primarily: effective group participation, project management, cost estimation, communication skills and ethics. Engineering Design I is linked to and taught concurrently with the Engineering Graphics course. Engineering graphics are used in the design projects and the theme of "fit to form" is developed. Close
This course introduces students to all the humanistic disciplines offered by the College of Arts and Letters: history, literature, philosophy, the social sciences, art, and music. By studying seminal works and engaging in discussions and debates regarding the themes and ideas presented in them, students learn how to examine evidence in formulating ideas, how to subject opinions, both their own, as well those of others, to rational evaluation, and in the end, how to appreciate and respect a wide diversity of opinions and points of view.
This course empowers students with the written and oral communications skills essential for both university-level academic discourse as well as success outside Stevens in the professional world. Tailored to the Stevens student, styles of writing and communications include technical writing, business proposals and reports, scientific reports, expository writing, promotional documents and advertising, PowerPoint presentations, and team presentations. The course covers the strategies for formulating effective arguments and conveying them to a wider audience. Special attention is given to the skills necessary for professional document structure, successful presentation techniques and grammatical/style considerations. Close
Ordinary differential equations of first and second order, homogeneous and non-homogeneous equations; improper integrals, Laplace transforms; review of infinite series, series solutions of ordinary differential equations near an ordinary point; boundary-value problems; orthogonal functions; Fourier series; separation of variables for partial differential equations.
Continues from MA 115 with improper integrals, infinite series, Taylor series, and Taylor polynomials. Vectors operations in 3-space, mathematical descriptions of lines and planes, and single-variable calculus for parametric curves. Introduction to calculus for functions of two or more variables including graphical representations, partial derivatives, the gradient vector, directional derivatives, applications to optimization, and double integrals in rectangular and polar coordinates. Close
This is the second course of a two-course, algebra-based conceptual general physics sequence for students in the Department of Humanities and Social Sciences. This course covers the basic principles and applications of oscillations and waves in mechanics, acoustics, electricity and magnetism, and optics and provides an introduction to modern physics. The course consists of three lectures per week, with certain lectures designated as recitations and/or demonstrations at the discretion of the instructor.
Spring course.
Typical text: Cutnell and Johnson or any other algebra-based general physics text complemented by supplemental handouts as needed.
This is the first course of a two-course, algebra-based conceptual general physics sequence for students in the Department of Humanities and Social Sciences. This course covers the basic principles and applications of mechanics and electricity and magnetism. The course consists of 3 lectures per week, with certain lectures designated as recitations and/or demonstrations at the discretion of the instructor.
Fall semester.
Typical text: Cutnell and Johnson or any other algebra-based general physics text complemented by supplemental handouts, as needed.
Fundamental concepts of particle statics, equivalent force systems, equilibrium of rigid bodies, analysis of trusses and frames, forces in beam and machine parts, stress and strain, tension, shear and bending moment, flexure, combined loading, energy methods, statically indeterminate structures.
An introduction to differential and integral calculus for functions of one variable. The differential calculus includes limits, continuity, the definition of the derivative, rules for differentiation, and applications to curve sketching, optimization, and elementary initial value problems. The integral calculus includes the definition of the definite integral, the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, techniques for finding antiderivatives, and applications of the definite integral. Transcendental and inverse functions are included throughout. Close
Vectors, kinetics, Newton’s laws, dynamics or particles, work and energy, friction, conserverative forces, linear momentum, center-of-mass and relative motion, collisions, angular momentum, static equilibrium, rigid body rotation, Newton’s law of gravity, simple harmonic motion, wave motion and sound. Close
An introduction to differential and integral calculus for functions of one variable. The differential calculus includes limits, continuity, the definition of the derivative, rules for differentiation, and applications to curve sketching, optimization, and elementary initial value problems. The integral calculus includes the definition of the definite integral, the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, techniques for finding antiderivatives, and applications of the definite integral. Transcendental and inverse functions are included throughout. Close
Ideal circuit elements; Kirchoff laws and nodal analysis; source transformations; Thevenin/Norton theorems; operational amplifiers; response of RL, RC and RLC circuits; sinusoidal sources and steady state analysis; analysis in frequenct domain; average and RMS power; linear and ideal transformers; linear models for transistors and diodes; analysis in the s-domain; Laplace transforms; transfer functions. Corequisites: MA 221,
Differential Equations (4-0-8)
(Lecture-Lab-Study Hours)
Ordinary differential equations of first and second order, homogeneous and non-homogeneous equations; improper integrals, Laplace transforms; review of infinite series, series solutions of ordinary differential equations near an ordinary point; boundary-value problems; orthogonal functions; Fourier series; separation of variables for partial differential equations. Close
Coulomb’s law, concepts of electric field and potential, Gauss’ law, capacitance, current and resistance, DC and R-C transient circuits, magnetic fields, Ampere’s law, Faraday’s law of induction, inductance, A/C circuits, electromagnetic oscillations, Maxwell’s equations and electromagnetic waves. Close
This course continues the experiential sequence in design. Design projects are linked with Mechanics of Solids topics taught concurrently. Core design themes are further developed. Corequisites: E 126
Mechanics of Solids (4-0-8)
(Lecture-Lab-Study Hours)
Fundamental concepts of particle statics, equivalent force systems, equilibrium of rigid bodies, analysis of trusses and frames, forces in beam and machine parts, stress and strain, tension, shear and bending moment, flexure, combined loading, energy methods, statically indeterminate structures. Close
This course will continue the freshman year experience in design. The design projects will be linked to the Mechanics of Solids course (integrated Statics and Strength of Materials) taught concurrently. The engineering method introduced in Engineering Design I will be reinforced. Further introduction of professional practice topics will be linked to their application and testing in case studies and project work. Basic concepts of design for environment and aesthetics will be introduced. Close
Review of matrix operations, Cramer’s rule, row reduction of matrices; inverse of a matrix, eigenvalues and eigenvectors; systems of linear algebraic equations; matrix methods for linear systems of differential equations, normal form, homogeneous constant coefficient systems, complex eigenvalues, nonhomogeneous systems, the matrix exponential; double and triple integrals; polar, cylindrical and spherical coordinates; surface and line integrals; integral theorems of Green, Gauss and Stokes. Corequisites: MA 221
Differential Equations (4-0-8)
(Lecture-Lab-Study Hours)
Ordinary differential equations of first and second order, homogeneous and non-homogeneous equations; improper integrals, Laplace transforms; review of infinite series, series solutions of ordinary differential equations near an ordinary point; boundary-value problems; orthogonal functions; Fourier series; separation of variables for partial differential equations. Close
Concepts of heat and work; First and Second Laws for closed and open systems including steady processes and cycles; thermodynamic properties of substances and interrelationships; phase change and phase equilibrium; chemical reactions and chemical equilibrium; representative applications. Introduction to energy conversion systems, including direct energy conversion in fuel-cells, photo-voltaic systems, etc.
Atomic structure and periodic properties, stoichiometry, properties of gases, thermochemistry, chemical bond types, intermolecular forces, liquids and solids, chemical kinetics and introduction to organic chemistry and biochemistry. Close
An introduction to differential and integral calculus for functions of one variable. The differential calculus includes limits, continuity, the definition of the derivative, rules for differentiation, and applications to curve sketching, optimization, and elementary initial value problems. The integral calculus includes the definition of the definite integral, the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, techniques for finding antiderivatives, and applications of the definite integral. Transcendental and inverse functions are included throughout. Close
This course continues the experiential sequence in design. Design projects are in, and lectures address the area of Electronics and Instrumentation. Core design themes are further developed.
Ideal circuit elements; Kirchoff laws and nodal analysis; source transformations; Thevenin/Norton theorems; operational amplifiers; response of RL, RC and RLC circuits; sinusoidal sources and steady state analysis; analysis in frequenct domain; average and RMS power; linear and ideal transformers; linear models for transistors and diodes; analysis in the s-domain; Laplace transforms; transfer functions. Close
This course continues the experiential sequence in design. Design projects are linked with Mechanics of Solids topics taught concurrently. Core design themes are further developed. Close
Ideal circuit elements; Kirchoff laws and nodal analysis; source transformations; Thevenin/Norton theorems; operational amplifiers; response of RL, RC and RLC circuits; sinusoidal sources and steady state analysis; analysis in frequenct domain; average and RMS power; linear and ideal transformers; linear models for transistors and diodes; analysis in the s-domain; Laplace transforms; transfer functions. Close
Shear and bending moment diagrams for beams and frames. Statically determinate trusses influence lines and moving loads, deflection of beams using moment-area and conjugate-beam methods, introduction to energy methods, deflection of beams and frames using unit-load method, introduction to statically indeterminate structures, approximal methods, moment-distribution and slope-deflection methods.
Fundamental concepts of particle statics, equivalent force systems, equilibrium of rigid bodies, analysis of trusses and frames, forces in beam and machine parts, stress and strain, tension, shear and bending moment, flexure, combined loading, energy methods, statically indeterminate structures. Close
Fluid properties: fluid statics, stability of floating bodies, conservation of mass, Euler and Bernoulli equations, impulse-momentum principle, laminar and turbulent flow, dimensional analysis and model testing, analysis of flow in pipes, open channel flow, hydrodynamic lift and drag. Practical civil engineering applications are stressed.
Fundamental concepts of particle statics, equivalent force systems, equilibrium of rigid bodies, analysis of trusses and frames, forces in beam and machine parts, stress and strain, tension, shear and bending moment, flexure, combined loading, energy methods, statically indeterminate structures. Close
An introduction is provided to the important engineering properties of materials, to the scientific understanding of those properties and to the methods of controlling them. This is provided in the context of the processing of materials to produce products.
Atomic structure and periodic properties, stoichiometry, properties of gases, thermochemistry, chemical bond types, intermolecular forces, liquids and solids, chemical kinetics and introduction to organic chemistry and biochemistry. Close
This course includes both experimentation and open-ended design problems that are integrated with the Materials Processing course taught concurrently. Core design themes are further developed. Corequisites: E 344
Materials Processing (3-0-6)
(Lecture-Lab-Study Hours)
An introduction is provided to the important engineering properties of materials, to the scientific understanding of those properties and to the methods of controlling them. This is provided in the context of the processing of materials to produce products. Close
Descriptive statistics, pictorial and tabular methods, measures of location and of variability, sample space and events, probability and independence, Bayes' formula, discrete random variables, densities and moments, normal, gamma, exponential and Weibull distributions, distribution of the sum and average of random samples, the central limit theorem, confidence intervals for the mean and the variance, hypothesis testing and p-values, applications for prediction in a regression model. A statistical computer package is used throughout the course for teaching and for project assignments.
Continues from MA 115 with improper integrals, infinite series, Taylor series, and Taylor polynomials. Vectors operations in 3-space, mathematical descriptions of lines and planes, and single-variable calculus for parametric curves. Introduction to calculus for functions of two or more variables including graphical representations, partial derivatives, the gradient vector, directional derivatives, applications to optimization, and double integrals in rectangular and polar coordinates. Close
Continues from MA 115 with improper integrals, infinite series, Taylor series, and Taylor polynomials. Vectors operations in 3-space, mathematical descriptions of lines and planes, and single-variable calculus for parametric curves. Introduction to calculus for functions of two or more variables including graphical representations, partial derivatives, the gradient vector, directional derivatives, applications to optimization, and double integrals in rectangular and polar coordinates. Close
Overview of maritime industry; types and purposes of commercial and naval ships; introduction to various disciplines of naval engineering; concepts of hydrostatics, resistance, and propulsion; overview of ship systems and general arrangements; introduction to towing tanks and model testing methodology; overview of preliminary ship design with brief group design project; and basics of ship building, operation, repair, and maintenance.
Computer-aided design procedures to achieve mission requirements for various ship types through design spirals. Determination of major dimension and performance analysis during preliminary design stage. Computer graphics on mainframe and microcomputers as design tools. Pertinent design procedures are covered in a computer-aided manner.
Basics of cost accounting and cost estimation, cost-estimating techniques for engineering projects, quantitative techniques for forecasting costs, cost of quality. Basic engineering economics, including capital investment in tangible and intangible assets. Engineering project management techniques, including budget development, sensitivity analysis, risk and uncertainty analysis and total quality management concepts.
This course introduces students to the process of design and seeks to engage their enthusiasm for engineering from the very beginning of the program. The engineering method is used in the design and manufacture of a product. Product dissection is exploited to evaluate how others have solved design problems. Development is started of competencies in professional practice topics, primarily: effective group participation, project management, cost estimation, communication skills and ethics. Engineering Design I is linked to and taught concurrently with the Engineering Graphics course. Engineering graphics are used in the design projects and the theme of "fit to form" is developed. Close
This course will continue the freshman year experience in design. The design projects will be linked to the Mechanics of Solids course (integrated Statics and Strength of Materials) taught concurrently. The engineering method introduced in Engineering Design I will be reinforced. Further introduction of professional practice topics will be linked to their application and testing in case studies and project work. Basic concepts of design for environment and aesthetics will be introduced. Close
This course continues the experiential sequence in design. Design projects are linked with Mechanics of Solids topics taught concurrently. Core design themes are further developed. Close
This course continues the experiential sequence in design. Design projects are in, and lectures address the area of Electronics and Instrumentation. Core design themes are further developed. Close
This course allows each discipline to address design topics specific to their discipline, but in the context of how design in the discipline fits into an integrated product and process development (IPPD) paradigm where appropriate. Even where IPPD is not significant to the discipline, students will gain some appreciation through specific requirements. The later part of this course is structured to allow for project selection, team formation and preparation of a proposal suitable for submission to a potential sponsor for the senior design capstone project. The core design themes will be further developed. Offered as a discipline specific course (e.g.: CE322, CHE322, CPE322, EE322, EM322, EN322, ME322, PEP322). Corequisites: E 345,
Modeling and Simulation (3-0-6)
(Lecture-Lab-Study Hours)
Development of deterministic and non-deterministic models for physical systems; engineering applications; simulation tools for deterministic and non deterministic systems; case studies and projects. Offered as a discipline specific course (e.g.: CE345, CHE345, CPE345, EE345, EM345, EN345,ME345, PEP345). Close
Basics of cost accounting and cost estimation, cost-estimating techniques for engineering projects, quantitative techniques for forecasting costs, cost of quality. Basic engineering economics, including capital investment in tangible and intangible assets. Engineering project management techniques, including budget development, sensitivity analysis, risk and uncertainty analysis and total quality management concepts. Close
This course includes both experimentation and open-ended design problems that are integrated with the Materials Processing course taught concurrently. Core design themes are further developed. Close
Basic principles and design calculations in naval architecture; terminology, delineation of hull form, loading and stability, trim, and effects of flooding; freeboard and tonnage regulations; introduction to design of hull structure; nature of resistance and its variation with hull form and proportions; and introduction to propellers and propulsion. Basic theories in maneuvering and sea-keeping characteristics, computer application in naval architecture, and ship design.
This course is intended to provide a detailed understanding of the design process in coastal engineering, including the statistical evaluation of oceanographic and meteorological forces and the use of physical and computer models in the assessment of design performance. The essential features of the design of several types of coastal structures will be presented, along with the relevant design relations and/or publicly available design software. The potential environmental impacts of the construction of the various coastal structures considered will also be discussed. A series of case studies and a comprehensive design project provide the opportunity to apply the principles examined.
Solution of problems in naval architecture through model testing, actually conducting a wide variety of model tests at Davidson Laboratory, and prediction of prototype performance.
Senior design capstone courses. For most programs a capstone project spanning two semesters is required. Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering require projects of one semester duration. While the focus is on the capstone disciplinary design experience, all programs will include the two-credit core module on Engineering Economic Design (E421) during the first semester.
Senior design capstone courses. For most programs a capstone project spanning two semesters is required. Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering require projects of one semester duration. While the focus is on the capstone disciplinary design experience, all programs will include the two-credit core module on Engineering Economic Design (E421) during the first semester. Close
This course is the first one of a two-course sequence and the focus will be on marine engineerign aspects and machinery considerations. Topics covered in this course include: Diesel engines, steam turbines and gas turbines as marine prime movers. Thermodynamic cycles, ratings, matching to loads. Engine-propeller matching. Mechanical transmission of power to marine loads. Ship Design Process, Mission and Owner's Requirements, Regulatory and Classification Requirements, Design/Production Integration and Ship Building Process.
This is the second part of a two-course sequence where the focus is on shipboard electrical power systems and other components of ship design that are not covered in the first part. Topics covered in this course include: Electric Power Generation and Electric Propulsion, Integrated marine electrical plants, electric load calculations, auxiliary systems, combat systems, ship systems integration, human factors in ship design, general arrangement design, contracts and specifications, cost estimating and ship preservation.
Core option specific course determined by engineering program
(4)
General Education Electives - chosen by the student - can be used towards a minor or option - can be applied to research or approved international studies
(5)
Discipline specific course
(6)
General Education Electives chosen by the student - can be used towards a minor or option - can be applied to research or approved international studies
(7)
General Education Electives – chosen by the student
- can be used towards a minor or option
- can be applied to research or approved international studies
